National League for Nursing (NLN) Science Practice Exam

In chemical terms, what is the process of separating compounds into their individual elements called?

1. Decomposition.

2. Synthesis.

3. Combustion.

4. Replacement.

The correct answer is: Decomposition.

The process of separating compounds into their individual elements is known as decomposition. This chemical reaction involves breaking down a single compound into two or more simpler substances, which can be elements or simpler compounds. Decomposition typically requires an input of energy, which can come in various forms, such as heat, light, or electricity. In this context, synthesis refers to the process of combining two or more elements or simpler compounds to form a more complex compound, which is the opposite of what is happening in decomposition. Combustion is a specific type of reaction involving the burning of a substance in the presence of oxygen to produce heat and light, while replacement reactions involve the exchange of components between compounds. Understanding these differences clarifies why decomposition is the correct term for the process of breaking down compounds into their elemental components.