National League for Nursing (NLN) Science Practice Exam

What do villi in the small intestine help with?

1. Absorb acids and salvia from the mouth

2. Provide a greater surface for absorption of materials

3. Produce saliva

4. Secrete hydrochloric acid

The correct answer is: Provide a greater surface for absorption of materials

Villi in the small intestine are tiny, finger-like projections that serve a crucial role in the digestive system by significantly increasing the surface area for absorption. This enhanced surface allows for more efficient uptake of nutrients from digested food. The small intestine is responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. The presence of villi makes the walls of the small intestine roughly 10 times larger in surface area than they would be without them, facilitating a greater interaction between the intestinal contents and the absorptive surfaces. The villi are lined with epithelial cells that contain microvilli, further amplifying the absorptive surface area. This multi-layered structure is essential for maximizing nutrient absorption and ensuring that the body receives the necessary components for energy and health. Other functions not related to the role of villi in the small intestine include producing saliva, absorbing acids and saliva from the mouth, or secreting hydrochloric acid, which are all functions carried out by different parts of the digestive system or other organs.