National League for Nursing (NLN) Science Practice Exam

What is the primary function of the pancreas in the digestive system?

1. Store bile

2. Produce insulin and digestive enzymes

3. Filter blood

4. Absorb nutrients

The correct answer is: Produce insulin and digestive enzymes

The primary function of the pancreas in the digestive system includes the production of insulin and digestive enzymes, making it essential for both metabolism and digestion. The pancreas plays a dual role: it functions as an exocrine gland by producing digestive enzymes such as amylase, lipase, and proteases, which are critical for breaking down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine. Additionally, it acts as an endocrine gland by secreting insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream to regulate blood glucose levels. This hormonal regulation is vital for energy metabolism and maintaining homeostasis in the body. Other options refer to functions not primarily associated with the pancreas. Bile storage is a function of the gallbladder, while filtering blood is primarily done by the kidneys. The absorption of nutrients occurs mainly in the small intestine, rather than directly by the pancreas. Thus, the pancreas's unique ability to produce both hormones that regulate metabolism and enzymes that aid in digestion solidifies its primary role within the digestive system.